TPO32——阅读练习解析

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　　Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species - those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization - tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).

　　5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A. The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently

　　B. Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively

　　C. Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.

　　D. Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.

　　Answer: B

　　Comments:

　　原句翻译: 先锋物种 — 即只是出现在殖民初期阶段的物种 — 趋向于快速入侵因为他们生产出大量有繁殖力的芽(种子、孢子等其他)，也因为它们有一种有效的传播途径(通常是风)。

　　原句结构：主语 + 破折号解释说明 + 谓语 + 2个原因状语从句;

　　原句核心：主句 + 2个原因，即入侵速度快 + 生产大量的芽以及拥有有效的传播途经。

　　选项A：先锋物种的种子通常被风带到肥沃的土地, 在那里它们有效率地繁殖。肥沃的土地是原句中没有提到的信息;该选项没有明确的原因逻辑，所以选项A错误。

　　选项B：先锋物种是成功的入侵者因为它们能够生产出大量能够有效传播的种子。原句核心的三要素都在选项B中有所体现并且有明确的原因逻辑，所以B正确。

　　选项C：先锋物种在他们最早期殖民期间产生大量的有繁殖力的芽。该选项没有提到入侵速度快的概念，同时没有出现原因逻辑，所以选项C错误。

　　选项D：因为先锋物种能生产相当多的种子，所以先锋物种繁殖快速且有效率。该选项没有提到传播途径, 所以选项D错误。

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