2018年托福口语练习：现代美国大学

　　美国的大学在录取工作中越来越看重托福成绩，尤其在2012年不少美国大学提高了对国际生的托福录取标准，托福录取分数线上调幅度大概在10分左右，比如凯斯西储大学(Top38)由2011年的80分上调至2012年的90分。俄亥俄州立大学由2011年的71分上调至2012年的79分。这一现象在高端名校中更为严重，综合排名Top20的埃默里大学甚至建议学生考取托福100分以上。中国大学生去纽约、伦敦、香港的大学留学，托福成绩都是被申请学校认可的。今天课窝小编为大家准备了托福口语考试练习，希望能够对你有所帮助，顺利通过2018年的托福考试，早日实现自己的留学梦!

　　现代的美国大学

　　Modern American Universities

　　Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.

　　Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.

　　At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

　　课窝教育小编会继续更新南京托福培训资讯，希望同学们多加练习，课窝会和各位考生一起每天进步一点点，2018年托福考试，加油!!!小编会继续更新TOEFL口语，TOEFL听力，TOEFL词汇，TOEFL课程等相关内容。