为什么你的托福阅读速度那么慢?
原因一
没有主次
没有对句子重点进行区分,长句短句一概匀速阅读,往往记不住自己读过的内容,还有部分学生会复视,再往回读一遍,消耗宝贵的时间。这就像期末考试老师说我们来划一下考试重点,如果整本书都划,那就等于没有重点。做托福阅读也一样,在阅读时多一些思考,谈论对象是谁?做了什么事?事情是好还是坏?对于定语,状语,同位语均可略读。
Ever since European first explored Australia, people have been trying to understand the ancient rock drawings and cavings created by the Aborigines, the original inhabitants of the continent. Early in the nineteenth century, encounters with Aboriginal rock art tended to be infrequent and open to speculative interpretation, but since the late nineteenth century, awareness of the extent and variety of Australian rock art has been growing. In the latter decades of the twentieth century there were intensified efforts to understand and record the abundance of Australian rock art.
正如上图,11行字,核心信息就是高光部分的20几个字;如果阅读时重点在几处用心,疲惫感小; 扫读增多,节省时间; 含义清晰,结构分明。
原因二
段落层次意识薄弱
不知道段落核心信息
托福阅读文章的体裁只有说明文和议论文两种,段落结构比较规整,且有一定规律可循。按照西方的线性思维,他们是先陈述观点,再用论据进行支撑。如果有段落层次意识,学生们就能够迅速判断出段落的主要内容,因为细节是为了证明观点的合理性而存在的,看懂了观点,能够预判下文走向,这样的阅读思路是非常高效的,能够轻松解决读得慢这个问题。
示例:
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. (观点)The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.(论据支撑)
段落主旨一般集中在观点句,结论句和转折句,所有评论性句子都要理解透彻,而不是每段只读首末两句这样的公式化结论。段落中出现的支持观点所用的论据,如举例,引用,现象解释之类会有大量生僻词汇,学生不可能全部理解,其实也不需要全部理解,只需要记住细节是为观点而服务的就可以了。