托福语法笔记之改错：谓语动词

一、主谓一致

1. 主谓的分隔原则

S, ---,VO

主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔

* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关

2. 定语从句中的主谓一致

...noun.+that/which+V

* that, which并不反映单复数

one of 复n + that/which + 复V

the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V

3. 随前一致

together with, as well as, with, including, of

4. 随后一致

not 单n. but 复n. + 复V

not noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V

5. 就近一致

单n. or 复n.

either 单n. or 复n.

neither 单n. nor 复n.

is he or we... 对

he or we are... 对

6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词

不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词

例外：war and peace is/was

black and white is/was

bread and butter is/was

to love and to be loved is/was

7. 百分比结构

most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent

__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数

8. 倒装句中的主谓一致

There be...

between , among 等介词位于句首，即引起倒装

Between ...+ be + noun.

Among...+ be + noun.

主 + 系 + 表

主系关系要一致，系表关系可以不一致

9. The+ adj.

a. 表示“一类人”用复数V

The rich are ridiculous

b. 表示某一抽象概念

The good is attractive

10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V

more than one 单数noun. + 单数V

many a + 单noun. + 单V

a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two

news 单数 measles 不可数

the series 用is/are从上下文得出

二、时态

1. in + 过去某一时间，用一般现在时

2. befort+ 过去年份，用过去完成时

3. for/since:

for后跟时间段，可用现在完成和一般过去时

since 后跟时间点，只能跟现在完成时

I have been a teacher for 3 years.

I have been a teacher since 1996.

I was a teacher for 3 years.

4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时

时态：现在完成时和一般过去时混用

一般现在时和一般过去时混用

三、语态　　　考主被的混用

一个证明，二个位于，三个需要，四个情感

1. 证明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.

prove(vt) + sth./that +句子

my advice rpoved to be wrong

2. 位于：locate永远考被动

situate 主动：把...放置;确定位置

被动：位于

3. 需要：need, want, require

┏ 情态动词+动原

┃ ┏ doing

need　┃　实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般

┃ ┗ to be done

┗　n.词

My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动

┗ to be repaired.

require┏ to be done

want ┗ doing

4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move

I am pleased. 主语高兴

he news is pleasing. 令人高兴使...高兴(心烦、惊讶、感动)

Franklin is so moved.

The story is so moving.