O-Level写作素材：新型冠状病毒的考点

　　在目前为止 ，O水准考试的考试成绩依然是有很大分量，例如，新加坡管理大学要求文凭持有者在申请法律专业时至少具有O-Level英语的A1或A2等级，或者在会计和经济学课程中获得良好的数学成绩。

　　今天课窝考试网为大家汇总了写作热点话题之冠状病毒，一起学习吧。

　　1. 什么是冠状病毒？

　　What is a coronavirus?

　　Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.

　　In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (传播，动词)from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。

　　据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

　　2. 冠状病毒症状

　　Coronavirus symptoms

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderateupper respiratory tract(上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like apneumonia(肺炎) orbronchitis(支气管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to bedeadly(致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

　　The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed byshortness of breath(呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

　　通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。

　　有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和SARS。

　　目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较SARS和MERS更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前为止，患者通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼吸急促症状。目前，大约15%到20%的病例病情出现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸机治疗。

　　3. 传播途径

　　How does it spread？

　　Viruses can spread from humancontact(接触) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-humantransmission(传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person'ssecretions(分泌物), such asdroplets(小水滴，飞沫)in a cough.

　　Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could causeexposure(暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。

　　病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。

　　根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

　　4. 感染人群

　　Who is affected?

　　MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latestoutbreak(爆发). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.

　　尽管最近的武汉冠状病毒疫情仍不确定，但MERS、SARS和武汉冠状病毒似乎在老年人中会引起更严重的症状。在迄今报道的武汉冠状病毒病例中，尚未证实有儿童感染。感染者平均年龄在40岁以上。

　　5. 冠状病毒感染的治疗

　　Coronavirus treatment

　　There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms willgo away on their own(自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.

　　Doctors canrelieve(缓解) symptoms byprescribing(开处方)a pain or fever medication.

　　目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失，但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重，请看医生。

　　医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。

　　6. 武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度

　　Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus？

　　The Wuhan coronavirusfatality rate(致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but stillcomparable(相当) to the 1918 Spanish flupandemic(大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

　　武汉冠状病毒死亡率低于SARS和MERS，但仍与1918年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病死率可能会更低，因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发现。

　　7. 如何预防

　　How can you prevent it?

　　You may be able to reduce your risk ofinfection(感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.

　　Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.

　　Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, anddisinfect(消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.

　　可以通过避开病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂洗手，每次洗手至少20秒的时间。

　　预防意识是关键。如果你前往过武汉或与曾去过那里的人接触，有理由怀疑自己感染了武汉冠状病毒，应报告医疗机构并尽早寻求治疗。

　　咳嗽或喷嚏时捂住口鼻，并对触摸的物体和表面进行消毒。

　　以上就是小编为大家带来的关于O-Level写作话题之疫情相关表达，希望对大家有所帮助。更多o-level分数分配、新加坡o水准课程等问题可以咨询我们。