Junior 阅读考试修辞目的题讲解

　　市场研究表明，一个精心设计的、能帮助学生尤其是中学生衡量英语能力的客观的方法已成为全球需要。ETS为此开发了TOEFLJunior初中托福考试来满足初中学生的英语学习需求，该考试已经在美国、日本、韩国等30多个国家展开。2012年6月30日，SLEP考试将正式被TOEFLJunior考试取代。为了方便同学们的小托福备考，课窝考试网小编为大家收集整理了小托福阅读考试讲解，供大家学习参考，希望能为同学们的考试提供帮助。

　　1. 考察实质

　　2. 提问方式

　　修辞目的题题干通常为：

　　1. The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to . . . 2. Why does the author mention X?

　　3. The author uses X as an example of . . .

　　3. 解题要点

　　1. 这里指的修辞是广义的修辞，即可以使语言更具有说服力的文字表达方式;而不仅限于比喻、拟人、排比等中国学生学习汉语时通常所说的“修辞”。事实上，TOEFL Junior阅读中经常考察的修辞方式有：举例子、下定义、阐述、解释、对比、反驳、强调、批评等。 2. 考生需要找出的不是题目提问的信息本身，而是其背后的作者的意图。

　　3. 修辞目的题不会考察全篇的文章结构，而是关注于句子、段落层面上的逻辑联系。 4. 一些常见的描述修辞目的的单词或词组有：definition，for example，to illustrate，to explain，to contrast，to refute，to note，to criticize，function of

　　4. 例题

　　The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers. 1. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary as an example of a sanctuary that

　　(A) is not well know (B) covers a large area

　　(C) is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary (D) was not originally proposed for sanctuary status

　　On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin. 2. The passage mentions "penicillin" as an example of (A) a medicine derived from plants (B) a beneficial use of fungi

　　(C) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi (D) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.

　　Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings. 3. Why does the author mention "a crow"? (A) to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx

　　(B) To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx fossils

　　(C) To explain the evolutionary history of Archaeopteryx

　　(D) To demonstrate the superiority of the theropod to Archaeopteryx

　　On the other hand, a secret signal to mark a dead body is unnecessary. Many kinds of ants perceive a natural decomposition product of dead insects as a signal to remove a corpse. If an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body, no harm is done. 4. Why does the author mention "dead insects"?

　　(A) To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects (B) To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter (C) To argue the superiority of ants over other insects

　　(D) To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants

　　Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.

　　5. Why does the author mention "glycoproteins"?

　　(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals (B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants (C) to illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense

　　(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense

　　希望各位备考小托福考试的考生，阅读完这篇文章，能够有序高效的进行练习，尽快提升自己的考试能力，小编会不断更新小托福听力材料，小托福阅读题型，Junior语法请大家继续关注课窝哦!