JPACT写作​中可用到的修辞手法

今天课窝小编为大家整理了JPACT写作中可用到的修辞手法，希望考生们认真阅读，能够对你的考试有所帮助。

1.metaphor 暗喻

A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a term is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in "She is a rose." Excluding the possibility that the subject of this sentence is literally a flower, this example suggests that the subject possesses figurative extensions of qualities or attributes of a rose, such as exquisite beauty or perhaps a prickly disposition.(她就是一朵玫瑰花。)

2.simile 明喻

Metaphor is often confused withsimile, a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared. That explicit comparison often takes the form of the word like or as. To build on the example in the previous slide, "she is like a rose" and "as thorny as a rose bush" are examples of simile. (她就像一朵玫瑰;她像玫瑰一样多刺。)

3.analogy 比喻/类比

Simile and metaphor are both forms of analogy, the illustration of one idea by a more familiar or accessible idea that is in some way parallel. In his novel Cocktail Hour, P.G. Wodehouse uses the analogy of a man expecting to hear a rose petal drop in the Grand Canyon to illustrate the futility of a novelist hoping for swift success: "It has been well said that an author who expects results from a first novel is in a position similar to that of a man who drops a rose petal down the Grand Canyon of Arizona and listens for the echo." (众所周知，小说作家想要一炮而红，犹如落花入谷，渺无回音。)

4.hyperbole 夸张

Hyperbole is an obvious and intentional exaggeration, such as "I read a million books this summer." Although teachers everywhere would likely rejoice if this were a true statement, plausibility is not the intended use of hyperbole: this literary device is often used for dramatic or comedic effect. (我今年夏天读的书不计其数。)

5.allusion 引喻

An allusion is an indirect reference to a person, place, event, or artistic work. Allusions assume a level of familiarity on the part of the reader with the work, person, or event referenced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of the con artists who claims to be an heir to the French throne makes allusions to three of Shakespeare's plays in his jumbled rendition of Hamlet's soliloquy(独白), which opens with the humorously botched line "To be or not to be: that is the bare bodkin." (存在还是毁灭，这是一根大长锥。)

6.euphemism 讳饰

Euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be harsh, blunt, or offensive. Break wind(俚：放屁), the birds and the bees(俚：基本的性知识), and cold turkey(突然停用药品)are euphemisms for flatulence, sex and reproduction, and a quick, complete withdrawal from the use of an addictive substance, respectively. The opposite of euphemism is dysphemism, defined as the substitution of a harsh, disparaging, or unpleasant expression for a more neutral one.

7.paradox 悖论

A paradox is a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but may in reality express a truth or tension. William Wordsworth offers an example of paradox in his poem My Heart Leaps Up (我心雀跃) with the line "the Child is the father of the Man." This expression defies common sense on a literal level, but expresses a deeper truth that our dominant character traits are formed when we are young, and they continue to shape our experiences as adults. Paradox comes from the Greek word parádoxos, which means "beyond belief." (儿童是成年人之父。)

8.oxymoron 反饰

Similar to paradox, the rhetorical device oxymoron uses contradiction, but anoxymoron is more compressed than a paradox. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, such as in the phrase "cruel kindness" or "to make haste slowly," or more famously in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (罗密欧与朱利叶) when Romeo utters the lines "O loving hate" and "O heavy lightness" in the opening scene. (“残忍的善良”，“缓慢的匆忙”，“甜蜜的痛苦”，“沉重的轻浮”)

9.satire 讽刺

Satire is a slippery concept that can sometimes be deeply embedded in a work's themes or narrative, and sometimes closer to the surface in the actions or behavior of characters: simply put, satire is the use of irony, sarcasm, or ridicule in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice or folly. Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels (格列佛游记) is an example of satirical fiction. Written in the style of travel writing of its day,Gulliver's Travels also provides an example of parody, defined as "a humorous imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing."

10.onomatopoeia 拟声

Perhaps the most fun-to-say term on this list,onomatopoeia is defined as the formation of a word, as cuckoo, meow, honk, or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent. It comes from the Greek word onomatopoiía, which means "making of words."

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