2018年AP历史导读：尼日利亚之殇

　　美国高中AP课程是由美国大学理事会(The College BoardAP考试)主持，在高中阶段开设的具有大学水平的课程，有22个门类、37个学科，已在美国15000多所高中里普遍开设。它可以使高中学生提前接触大学课程，避免了高中和大学初级阶段课程的重复。目前，已有40多个国家的近3600所大学承认AP学分为其入学参考标准，其中包括哈佛、耶鲁、牛津、剑桥等世界名牌大学。根据美国大学升学顾问委员会在全美范围内所作的调查，由于美国大学已经普遍把学生在AP考试中的表现作为衡量其是否能够胜任大学学习的依据，因此AP考试成绩已经成为众多大学录取考虑因素中最为重要的依据之一。AP考试中的生物、微积分、化学、经济、心理学、历史等是大学一年级的课程，但是外语课程就不是。根据美国大学理事会公布的AP课程与考试手册说明，法语、西班牙语、西班牙文学、德语、法国文学等课程，都要求学生完成“相当于大学三年六个学期的课程”。由此可以想象这些课程考试的难度。为了方便同学们的AP备考，课窝考试网小编为大家收集整理了AP历史学习，供大家学习参考，希望能为同学们的考试提供帮助。

　　下文选段选自作家Chinua Achebe在尼日利亚之殇 的第四章节，揭露了尼日利亚领导人树立错误的信条：“团结和信仰”。这些信条是错误的原因是“团结和信仰”容易被虚伪份子歌颂，并粉饰成为只为满足领导层无尽欲望服务而不顾民众利益的道德工具。这是对民众的道德绑架。Chinua Achebe认为比起“团结和信仰”，“公正和诚信”更能直接暴露当下社会丑态，请发深思和惠民的改革。

　　来自领导层的反腐力量能激发国家发展的正能量。

　　Chapter 4 Leadership, Nigerian-Style

　　But the really interesting question is why were we drawn in the first place to concepts like unity and faith with their potentialities for looseness? Why did we not think, for example, of such concepts as Justice and Honesty which cannot be so easily directed to undesirable ends? Justice never prompts the question: Justice for what? Neither does Honesty or Truth. Is it possible that as a nation we instinctively chose to extol easy virtues which are amenable to the manipulation of hypocrites, rather than difficult ones which would have imposed the strain of seriousness upon us? And was that one of the legacies of our Founding Fathers?

　　One shining act of bold, selfless leadership at the top, such as unambiguous refusal to be corrupt or tolerate corruption the fountain of authority, will radiate powerful sensations of well-being and pride through every nerve and artery of national life.

　　下文选段选自作家Chinua Achebe在尼日利亚之殇 的第十章节

　　用比喻这一修辞手法痛批了民众“被去民主权”的原因。

　　Chapter 10 The Example of Aminu Kano

　　But as in every other department of our national life we perform below our potential, like a car with a little water in its fuel tank, accumulated dirt in its carburetor and carbon deposit on its spark plugs. In the specific matter of elections we have deprived ourselves of our potential power over politicians by falling prey to ethnicity and other divisive bogeys they conjure up and harness to their band-waggon.

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