AP微观经济​学：消费者行为

今天课窝小编为大家整理了AP微观经济学的考点：消费者行为，希望同学们认真阅读，能够对大家的AP备考有所帮助。

消费者行为 Consumer Behavior

1. 消费者剩余=支付意愿–市场价格: Consumer surplus =the willingness to pay – market price

生产者剩余=市场价格–生产成本: Producer surplus =market price – cost

Market efficiency: MB=MC, Total Surplus最大

Supply do the same(longertime, more elastic)

2. 消费者满足感Utility

1) Total utility andmarginal utility 总效用和边际效用

Utilityis the satisfaction or happiness

Marginal utility: the change in totalutility that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity of a good orservice consumed.

Lawof diminishing marginal utility: the general tendency for marginal utility todecrease as the quantity of a good consumed increase

Utilitymaximization: equalizing marginal utility per dollar

边际效用之比等于价格之比MU1/MU2 =P1/P2，在预算允许的条件下。

Income andsubstitution effects收入效应，替代效应

Income effect：normal: 都多买或少买

substitution effect：normal: 一个多买一个少买

inferior: income decrease 多买，priceincrease 少买

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