A-level经济学如何得高分，常见词汇你知道吗

价格体系是a-level经济学中非常重要的章节之一，小编整理了A-level经济学常见词汇的相关资讯，方便大家掌握。

Consumer surplus 消费者剩余

The difference between how much buyers are prepared to pay for a good and what they actually pay.

消费者剩余是指消费者愿意为某种商品或服务所支付的最大数量与他实际 支付的数量之差。

Demand curve 需求曲线

The line on a price-quantity diagram which shows the level of effective demand at any given price.

需求曲线表示在每一价格下所需求的商品数量

Demand or effective demand 有效需求

The quantity purchased of a good at a good at any given price, given that other determinants of demand remain unchanged.

是指有支付能力的需求

Individual demand curve 个人需求曲线

The demand curve for an individual consumer, firm or other economic unit.

单个消费者愿意购买某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系

Market demand curve 市场需求曲线

The sum of all individual demand curves.

市场上全体消费者愿意购买某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系。市场需求曲线可由行业内各个消费者的个人需求曲线横向相加求得。

Shift in the demand curve 需求变动

A movement of the whole demand curve to the right to the right or left of the original caused by a change in any variable affecting demand except price.

由价格以外的因素引起的需求量的变动，如：消费者的收入，替代物品价格的变动，消费者偏好，习俗，广告，预期心理等。

Individual supply curve 个人供给曲线

The supply curve of an individual producer.

单个生产者供给某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系。

Market supply curve 市场供给曲线

The supply curve of all producers within the market. In a perfectly competitive market it can be calculated by summing the supply curves of individual producers.

市场上全体生产者愿意生产某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系。

Producer surplus 生产者剩余

The difference between the market price which firms receive and the price at which they are prepared to supply.

生产者剩余等于厂商生产一种产品的总利润加上补偿给要素所有者超出和低于他们所要求的最小收益的数量。从几何的角度看，它等于价格曲线之下、供给曲线之上的区域。

Supply 供给

The quantity of goods that suppliers are willing to sell at any given price over a period of time.

在一定时期内生产者在任何价格水平上愿意出售的货物的数量。

Equilibrium price 均衡价格

The price at which there is no tendency to change because planned (or desired or ex ante) purchases (i.e. demand) are equal to planned sales (i.e. supply).

商品的供给曲线与需求曲线相交时的价格。

Excess demand 过度需求

Where demand is greater than supply.

某种物品或者服务的市场需求超过了企业所能提供或者愿意提供的水平的一种需求状况。

Excess supply 过度供给

Where supply is greater than demand.

供给超过了需求量。

Competitive demand 竞争需求

When two or more goods are substitutes for each other.

当两个或更多的产品互为替代品。

Complement 互补产品

A good which is purchased with other goods to satisfy a want.

互补品指两种商品必须互相配合，才能共同满足消费者的同一种需要

Composite demand 复合需求

When a good is demanded for two or more distinct uses.

一个产品处于两种不同的用途而被需求。

Derived demand 衍生需求

When the demand for one good is the result of or derived from the demand for another good.

一种物品的需求是由另一种物品的需求而衍生的。

Joint demand 联合需求

When two or more complements are bought together.

两种或更多的互补品同时购买。

Joint supply 联合供给

When two or more goods are produced together, so that a change in supply of one good will necessarily change the supply of the other goods with which it is in joint supply.

当一个产品被生产时，另一个产品也同时被生产。

以上就是专家分享的新加坡A水准考试。祝福各位学生可以发挥自己的优点，改善自己的弱点，不断提高A Level物理学习!